It's 1980, and Charlie Wilson (TOM HANKS) is a liberal congressman from Texas with a penchant and well-deserved reputation for chasing women and drinking booze. Yet, the thing that grabs his attention at a party featuring drugs, strippers and frolicking nude in hot tubs is a TV news story featuring Dan Rather reporting from Afghanistan.
The recent invasion of Soviet forces there has also drawn the interest of Texas socialite Joanne Herring (JULIA ROBERTS). One of the richest women in that state, a fervent anti-communist crusader, and part-time lover to Charlie, Joanne convinces the congressman that he needs to do something, particularly with displaced Afghanis fleeing to refugee camps in neighboring Pakistan.
With his personal assistant, Bonnie Bach (AMY ADAMS), in tow, Charlie heads there to meet President Zia (OM PURI) and gets a firsthand view of what's occurring. Now seated on the Defense Appropriations committee, Charlie doubles the meager budget for U.S. covert operations, but wants more info from someone high up at the CIA.
Instead, he's sent disgruntled and sardonic case officer Gust Avrakotos (PHILIP SEYMOUR HOFFMAN) who's upset about not getting an assignment he deserved, but is willing to assist the congressman mainly because he doesn't play by the rules. With the assistance of others and helping foster unlikely alliances, they and Joanne try to pull as many strings as possible, all while hoping to convince Committee Chairman Doc Long (NED BEATTY) that increasing the covert ops budget even more is the right thing to do.